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well they say that water always finds
its level and I'm actually optimistic
and that I think most people who are
divided no matter how long the struggle
is eventually find a way back to unity
and so today I want to discuss people's
that remain divided peoples that have
successfully united and peoples whose
status is rather ignored and therefore
in a kind of geopolitical and historical
purgatory and I think if it's all right
with you we'll begin with Kashmir which
is one of the most tragic cases of a
people divided in the 20th century with
its roots after the Second World War and
with its roots because of the Second
World War
so Jammu and Kashmir today it used to be
what was called a princely state as a
matter of law but a province as a matter
of fact when the British Raj defeated
the Sikh Empire in the subcontinent
there was a treaty signed in 1846 the
Treaty of Amritsar and this said that
Jammu and Kashmir whose borders we know
today both in terms of Azad Kashmir of
part of Pakistani territory and the
Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir known
to many of the world's Muslims as Indian
Occupied Kashmir the I okay all of this
area as a whole was given princely
status which was a kind of any talk
about a colonial relic it was this kind
of thing even jars on the ears in here
really
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